Hepatoma was diagnosed in a 47 year old man presenting with multiple liver tumors and elevated alpha-fetoprotein concentration (460 micrograms/l). Liver biopsy showed a poorly differentiated carcinoma. The discovery of 2 hypervascular tumors in the splenic area at celiac arteriography led to challenge the diagnosis: ultrasound guided-aspiration biopsy showed endocrine cells at the level of the hepatic and pancreatic tumors. The diagnosis of pancreatic islet cell tumor with liver secondaries was confirmed by the pathology of the operative specimen. During the following months, alpha-fetoprotein concentration steadily increased. The patient died 5 months later from widespread metastases. At necropsy, no evidence of hepatoma was found. Immunocytochemical study with antibody raised against alpha-fetoprotein was negative both at the level of the tumoral cells and of the liver cells around the tumor. This case adds a new cause to abnormally high plasma alpha-fetoprotein. As hepatoma and endocrine tumor metastatic to the liver could be difficult to differentiate, this new cause could be clinically relevant.