We retrospectively studied patients with clinical stage C-D1 prostate cancer in Gifu University and affiliated hospitals. The overall survival rate of patients treated with hormonal therapy after radical prostatectomy was superior to that of patients treated with hormonal therapy alone. This result was remarkable in the patients under 76 years old with clinical stage C. A PubMed search of the literature on various randomized controlled trials revealed that the overall survival rate of patients treated with hormonal therapy alone was inferior to that treated with adjuvant hormonal therapy. We recommend prospective evaluation of combined therapy including prostatectomy, radiotherapy and hormonal therapy for the patient with a risk factor such as high Gleason score.