Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) represents a disease of the immature retina of preterm infants due to irregular vascularisation. The present article gives information about different parameters of the newborns (gestational age, birth weight, need of oxygen, stage of ROP) and shows the results concerning anatomical and functional aspects following diode laser treatment in 61 prematurely born babies, diagnosed and treated in a period of 5S years in the Hospital of the Ludwig Maximilians University. The mean +/- SD gestational age was 24.9 (+/- 1.59) weeks, the mean +/- SD birth weight was 683 (+/- 174) grams. Diode laser treatment was performed at a mean +/- SD age of 36.14 (+/- 2.04) weeks. Stage 3 retinopathy with "plus disease" was diagnosed in 95.5 % of the infants. In comparison to term born babies or preterm infants without ROP, the diode laser-treated newborns showed a higher incidence of myopia (59 %). An unfavourable outcome in term of the anatomic situation was seen in 9.8 % of these babies.