Coupled ion/electron hopping in Li(x)NiO2: a 7Li NMR study

Inorg Chem. 2006 Feb 6;45(3):1184-91. doi: 10.1021/ic051593n.

Abstract

Deintercalated "Li(x)NiO2" materials (x = 0.25, 0.33, 0.50, 0.58, and 0.65) were obtained using the electrochemical route from the Li0.985Ni1.015O2 and Li0.993Ni1.007O2 compounds. Refinements of X-ray diffraction data using the Rietveld method show a good agreement with the phase diagram of the Li(x)NiO2 system studied earlier in this laboratory. Electronic conductivity measurements show a thermally activated electron-hopping process for the deintercalated Li0.5NiO2 phase. In the Li(x)NiO2 materials investigated (x = 0.25, 0.33, 0.50, and 0.58), 7Li NMR shows mobility effects leading to an exchanged signal at room temperature. A clear tendency for Li to be surrounded mainly by Ni3+ ions with the 180 degree configuration is observed, particularly, for strongly deintercalated materials with smaller Li+ and Ni3+ contents, even upon heating, when this mobility becomes very fast in the NMR time scale. This suggests that Li/vacancy hopping does occur on the NMR time scale but that Ni3+/Ni4+ hopping does not occur independently. The position of Li seems to govern the oxidation state of the Ni around it at any time; the electrons follow the Li ions to satisfy local electroneutrality and minimal energy configuration. The observed NMR shifts are compatible with the Li/vacancy and Ni3+/Ni4+ ordering patterns calculated by Arroyo y de Dompablo et al. for x = 0.25 and x = 0.50, but not for x = 0.33 and x = 0.58.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Electrons*
  • Ions / chemistry
  • Isotopes
  • Lithium / chemistry*
  • Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / methods*
  • Magnetics
  • Nickel / chemistry*
  • Oxygen / chemistry*
  • Sensitivity and Specificity
  • X-Ray Diffraction

Substances

  • Ions
  • Isotopes
  • Nickel
  • Lithium
  • Oxygen