Antibody vs. HIV in a clash of evolutionary titans

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Oct 18;102(42):14943-8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0505126102. Epub 2005 Oct 11.

Abstract

HIV has evolved many strategies to avoid neutralizing antibody responses, particularly to conserved regions on the external glycoprotein spikes of the virus. Nevertheless, a small number of antibodies have been evolved by the human immune system to recognize conserved parts of the glycoproteins, and therefore, have broadly neutralizing cross-strain activities. These antibodies constitute important tools in the quest to design immunogens that can elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies in humans and hence contribute to an effective HIV vaccine. Crystallographic analyses of the antibodies, in many cases in an antigen-complexed form, have revealed novel and, in some instances, remarkable structural adaptations to attain virus recognition. Antibodies, like HIV, can evolve relatively rapidly through mutation and selection. It seems that the structures of these broadly neutralizing antibodies bear witness to a heroic struggle between two titans of rapid evolution.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • AIDS Vaccines
  • Antigens, Viral / chemistry
  • Antigens, Viral / immunology
  • Binding Sites
  • Evolution, Molecular*
  • Glycoproteins / chemistry
  • Glycoproteins / immunology
  • HIV / immunology*
  • HIV Antibodies / chemistry
  • HIV Antibodies / immunology*
  • HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / chemistry
  • HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / immunology
  • Humans
  • Neutralization Tests
  • Protein Conformation

Substances

  • AIDS Vaccines
  • Antigens, Viral
  • Glycoproteins
  • HIV Antibodies
  • HIV Envelope Protein gp120