The aim of this study is to develop an experimental model of small caliber expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) vascular prostheses that produce recombinant proteins by seeding genetically modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) cDNA was transduced into rat MSC mediated by an adenovirus vector. The cells were impregnated into the ePTFE vascular prostheses measuring 2 mm in internal diameter and 90 microm in fibril length, followed by 48 h of incubation. The expressions of beta-gal were determined by X-gal staining. The luminal surface of the ePTFE vascular prostheses was covered with the MSC expressing beta-gal. Most of the gene-transduced MSC spread along the fibers forming colonies. These results suggest that small caliber vascular prostheses, in which the inner surface was seeded by genetically modified MSC, produced recombinant proteins. This may be a preliminary model to autocrine functioning vascular prostheses.