Pretransplant (pre-Tx) inflammation has been associated with acute rejection (AR) in adult Tx recipients. Our study was performed to determine whether a single pre-Tx serum C-reactive protein (CRP), Neopterin (Neo), and IL-12 determination could predict outcome in pediatric renal Tx recipients. Pre-Tx sera from 51 children transplanted between 1985 and 2000 were analyzed for serum CRP, Neo, and IL-12 for correlation with Tx-related variables. Endpoints were graft loss and AR. Kaplan-Meier and log-rank statistics were used to compare rejection-free and overall graft survival at different quartiles for each marker. Cox regression analysis was performed to determine the independent effects of various pre-Tx variables on the endpoints. The mean age of the children at Tx was 11 years. The mean CRP, Neo, and IL-12 were 1.3 mg/L, 1.78 ng/mL and 123 pg/mL, respectively. At last-follow-up (mean 4.9 years after Tx), 50% of the children had experienced AR and 29% had lost their grafts. The mean CRP, Neo, and IL-12 were not different between the patients with versus without AR or graft loss (P > .4 for all). Neither rejection-free survival nor graft survival was affected by CRP, Neo, or IL-12 quartiles (log-rank test). Cox regression analysis demonstrated no predictive value of any marker on the outcomes. Unlike adults, a single pre-Tx determination of inflammatory markers was not predictive of AR or graft loss in children. The pathogenesis of AR may be different in children with a lesser contribution of alloantigen-independent factors such as chronic infections.