Neurons in area V4 of the macaque are generally not selective for direction of motion, as judged from their response to directional stimuli presented after a baseline condition devoid of movement. We used motion adaptation to investigate whether stimulation history influences direction-of-motion selectivity. We found that classically nondirectional V4 neurons develop direction-of-motion selectivity after adaptation, an observation that underscores the dynamic nature of functional cortical architecture.