A unified view of quiet and perturbed stance: simultaneous co-existing excitable modes

Neurosci Lett. 2005 Mar 29;377(2):75-80. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2004.11.071. Epub 2004 Dec 19.

Abstract

When standing quietly, human upright stance is typically approximated as a single segment inverted pendulum. In contrast, investigations which perturb upright stance with support surface translations or visual driving stimuli have shown that the body behaves like a two-segment pendulum, displaying both in-phase and anti-phase patterns between the upper and lower body. Here we present evidence that a single-segment characterization of quiet stance is inadequate. Similar to perturbed stance, quiet stance has simultaneously co-existing in-phase and anti-phase patterns. Subjects stood with eyes closed in three sensory conditions: a fixed surface, a foam surface, and a sway-referenced surface. Spectral analysis showed that the body behaved like a multi-link pendulum with two co-existing modes. The angles of the trunk and leg segments were in-phase for frequencies below 1 Hz and anti-phase for frequencies above 1Hz. The shift from in-phase to anti-phase sway showed an abrupt change for the fixed and foam surfaces, but a gradual change for the sway-referenced condition with the trunk showing a phase lead over the legs. The coexistence of in-phase and anti-phase patterns during quiet stance suggests that the ankle and hip strategies are not extremes along a behavioral continuum of mixed strategies. They are "simultaneously co-existing excitable modes", both always present, but one of which may predominate depending upon the characteristics of the available sensory information, task or perturbation.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Photic Stimulation / methods
  • Postural Balance / physiology*
  • Posture / physiology*
  • Psychomotor Performance / physiology*