Indications for total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) are expanding in light of newly published follow-up studies. The unique characteristics of the pathologic condition, appropriate patient selection, suitable choice of prosthesis, and proper surgical technique are critical factors that have a large impact on the ultimate results of TEA for any indication. This article addresses these factors as they relate to various indications and presents a review of the recently published results of the 10-year follow-up studies for TEA.