Due to its high prevalence during pregnancies, preeclampsia is considered an important public health problem. Many investigators agree in that its expression is related to the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Many studies have searched for genetic factors, attempting to identify chromosomal regions or candidate genes whose variants may be related to high preeclampsia susceptibility. Several studies have associated a number of susceptibility genes to preeclampsia, but the results have not been replicated consistently in all populations. Mapping of genes and chromosomal regions by linkage analysis has located potential markers on chromosomes 2 and 4. Identification of the genes located in these candidate regions will pinpoint the genetic risk factors, will lead to a better understanding of the syndrome, and will provide clues for its prevention and treatment.