Abstract
The vertebrate innate immune system recognizes infectious non-self by employing a set of germline-encoded receptors such as nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain proteins (NODs) or Toll-like receptors (TLRs). These proteins are involved in the recognition of various microbial-derived molecules, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), peptidoglycan (PGN) and beta1,3-glucan. Drosophila Toll receptors are not directly dedicated to non-self recognition and insect NOD orthologues have not yet been identified. Studies started more than 20 years ago and conducted on different insect models have identified other receptors on which invertebrate innate systems rely to sense invading microorganisms.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
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Review
MeSH terms
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Acute-Phase Proteins / immunology
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Acute-Phase Proteins / metabolism
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Animals
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Blood Proteins / immunology
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Blood Proteins / metabolism
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Carrier Proteins / immunology
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Carrier Proteins / metabolism*
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Drosophila / immunology*
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Drosophila / microbiology
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Drosophila Proteins / immunology
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Drosophila Proteins / physiology
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Gene Expression Regulation / immunology
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Gene Expression Regulation / physiology
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Immunity, Innate / immunology*
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Insect Proteins / immunology
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Insect Proteins / metabolism
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Receptors, Cell Surface / immunology
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Receptors, Cell Surface / physiology
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Signal Transduction / immunology
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Signal Transduction / physiology
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Toll-Like Receptors
Substances
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Acute-Phase Proteins
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Blood Proteins
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Carrier Proteins
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Drosophila Proteins
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Insect Proteins
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Receptors, Cell Surface
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Tl protein, Drosophila
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Toll-Like Receptors
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peptidoglycan recognition protein