Objective: To describe the initial experience of treating HIV-infected children and their infected parents with antiretroviral therapy.
Design: Prospective, cohort study.
Setting: Tertiary, referral hospital.
Patients: HIV-infected children and their parents.
Methods: This report focuses on the early response of children to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Children were followed up at 4-weekly intervals. Monitoring included initial and yearly viral load measurements, baseline and 6-monthly CD4 counts and 4-weekly adherence checks.
Results: Between August 2002 and June 2003, 80 children were enrolled in the programme, representing a follow-up period of 23.9 patient-years. Seventy-five children had severe clinical disease, severe immune suppression, or a combination of the two. The response of children who had received HAART for > or = 6 months (N = 17) was assessed. There was no change in mass z-score (p = 0.11) or length z-score (p = 0.37), but a significant increase in CD4 percentage (p < 0.0001) during the first 6 months of therapy. Six-month viral loads were available for 12 children. There was a significant drop in viral load (p = 0.001) and 9 achieved undetectable levels by 6 months. Most children achieved > or = 85% adherence. By June 2002, 67 children (84%) were relatively well, 1 had B-cell lymphoma, 7 (8.8%) had died, 4 (5%) were lost to follow-up and 1 was withdrawn from the programme. Of 57 children who completed 3 months of HAART, 12 were admitted a total of 17 times for infectious complications. There were no severe drug reactions. Three of 7 mothers on HAART received treatment through the programme.
Conclusion: These initial results suggest that many HIV-infected children in the public sector will benefit from antiretroviral therapy. However, both ambulatory and inpatient facilities are required to manage children on HAART comprehensively.