Neutropenic enterocolitis (NE) is an unusual acute complication of neutropenia, most often associated with leukemia and lymphoma which is characterized by segmental cecal and ascending colon ulceration that may progress to necrosis, perforation, and septicemia. We present a case of neutropenic enterocolitis in a patient with non-small-cell lung cancer who received docetaxel and flavopiridol as part of a phase I clinical trial and review cases in the literature where docetaxel was involved. Given the increased use of docetaxel and other taxanes in the treatment of advanced lung cancer, physicians should be aware of this potential toxicity of therapy.