Developmental expression of otoconin-22 in the bullfrog endolymphatic sac and inner ear

J Histochem Cytochem. 2004 May;52(5):663-70. doi: 10.1177/002215540405200510.

Abstract

In amphibians, calcium carbonate crystals are present in the endolymphatic sac and the inner ear. The formation of these crystals is considered to be facilitated by a protein called otoconin-22. We examined the spatial and temporal expression of otoconin-22 during the development of the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) using RT-PCR, in situ hybridization (ISH), and immunofluorescence techniques. By RT-PCR, otoconin-22 mRNA was first detected in embryos at Shumway stage 20, and this expression pattern continues in late stages. The first otoconin-22 mRNA-positive reaction was detected in stage 22 embryos in the placode of the endolymphatic sac. Otoconin-22 protein was observed in the epithelial cells of the endolymphatic sac at stage 24. On the other hand, a whole-mount ISH technique showed the first expression of otoconin-22 mRNA in the inner ear, in addition to the endolymphatic sac, at the mid-phase of Shumway stage 25. We discuss the role of otoconin-22 in the formation of calcium carbonate crystals in the endolymphatic sac and inner ear.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Calcium-Binding Proteins
  • Ear, Inner / metabolism*
  • Embryo, Nonmammalian / metabolism
  • Endolymphatic Sac / metabolism*
  • Fluorescent Antibody Technique
  • Glycoproteins / biosynthesis*
  • Glycoproteins / genetics
  • In Situ Hybridization
  • RNA, Messenger / biosynthesis
  • Rana catesbeiana
  • Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • Xenopus Proteins

Substances

  • Calcium-Binding Proteins
  • Glycoproteins
  • RNA, Messenger
  • Xenopus Proteins
  • otocinin-22 protein, Xenopus