Adverse events associated with lithium and anticonvulsant use in patients with bipolar disorder have been determined to decrease rates of treatment adherence; however, research that explores how adverse events influence treatment adherence, and which events have the greatest impact, is sparse and limited. This paper reviews the existing literature regarding common side effects encountered with lithium and anticonvulsant use in patients with bipolar disorder and presents data regarding their impact on treatment adherence. Guidelines for reducing and limiting adverse events are highlighted, as are recommendations for improving compliance associated with the experience of adverse events in the bipolar disorder population.