A case-control study of gynecomastia in HIV-1-infected patients receiving HAART

AIDS Read. 2004 Jan;14(1):23-4, 29-32, 35-40.

Abstract

Gynecomastia has been reported to occur in HIV-infected patients receiving HAART. A retrospective case-control study was conducted to determine risk factors associated with this condition. Two control patients were randomly chosen for each of 23 case patients identified. An efavirenz-containing regimen was strongly associated with the development of gynecomastia (odds ratio, 20; P < .001). Case patients were not more likely to have lipodystrophy, low testosterone levels, chronic infection with hepatitis B or C virus, or liver dysfunction compared with control patients. None of these factors altered the efavirenz-associated risk when analyzed by multiple logistic regression. Efavirenz appears to be strongly associated with gynecomastia in HIV-infected patients receiving HAART.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Alkynes
  • Analysis of Variance
  • Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / adverse effects*
  • Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / methods
  • Benzoxazines
  • CD4 Lymphocyte Count
  • Case-Control Studies
  • Cyclopropanes
  • Gynecomastia / diagnosis
  • Gynecomastia / epidemiology
  • Gynecomastia / etiology*
  • Gynecomastia / metabolism
  • Gynecomastia / therapy
  • HIV Infections / complications*
  • HIV Infections / drug therapy
  • HIV-1*
  • HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome / epidemiology
  • HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome / etiology
  • Humans
  • Logistic Models
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • New York City / epidemiology
  • Oxazines / adverse effects
  • Risk Factors
  • Testosterone / blood
  • Testosterone / deficiency
  • Time Factors
  • Treatment Outcome

Substances

  • Alkynes
  • Benzoxazines
  • Cyclopropanes
  • Oxazines
  • Testosterone
  • efavirenz