The 5-HT1B receptor gene has been postulated to play a modulatory role in alcohol consumption and alcohol dependence, and was considered a candidate gene for alcoholism. More recently, the association of the 5-HT receptor gene polymorphism and antisocial personality traits in alcoholism has been discussed. This possible association was studied using material from our gene bank for alcoholism. The research instruments used to phenotype patients were partly adopted from the US Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA) which include anxiety- and depression-related scales from personality inventories such as the temperament and character inventory (TCI), the NEO-Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) and the Minnesota Multiphase Personality Inventory (MMPI-2). Based on the examination of 164 alcoholic subjects, an association was found between a lower frequency of the 5-HT 1B 861C allele, antisocial personality traits and conduct disorder in alcohol-dependent subjects. Adult antisocial personality occurred more often in males than females. Possible implications of these findings are discussed.