Dendritic cells from patients with tropical spastic paraparesis are infected with HTLV-1 and stimulate autologous lymphocyte proliferation

AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1992 Sep;8(9):1699-706. doi: 10.1089/aid.1992.8.1699.

Abstract

Dendritic cells (DC), important antigen-presenting cells for recruiting T cells into immune responses, are susceptible to infection with HIV-1 and this can cause either stimulatory or suppressive effects on T cells. We examined another human retrovirus, HTLV-1, to determine whether DC were infected and caused any changes in T-cell function. Patients infected with HTLV-1 who have tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP) show high 'spontaneous' lymphocyte proliferation. We studied the basis for this by analyzing the interactions in vitro between lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells and compared cells taken from HTLV-1-positive TSP patients with those taken from HTLV-1-positive healthy carriers and HTLV-1-negative family members. In HTLV-1-positive individuals, 0.4-5.1% of the DC were infected with HTLV-1 as determined by in situ hybridisation. In TSP patients, depletion of DC and purification of T cells abolished 'spontaneous' lymphocyte proliferation. Reinstating the DC, but not B cells or macrophages, restored proliferation, an effect that was blocked by antibodies either to class II major histocompatibility antigens or to HTLV-1 itself. Thus, presentation of HTLV-1 antigens by infected DC to autologous T cells could result in the abnormal T-cell proliferation and cause the inflammatory reaction leading to tissue damage in TSP. We also speculate that persistent infection of DC with HTLV-1 and consequent continuous stimulation of T cells might be instrumental in the development of HTLV-1-mediated T-cell leukemia.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Dendritic Cells / immunology
  • Dendritic Cells / microbiology*
  • Female
  • Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 / immunology*
  • Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 / isolation & purification
  • Humans
  • Lymphocyte Activation*
  • Male
  • Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic / immunology*
  • Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic / microbiology