Ongoing characterization of cis-acting sequences in bromovirus RNA-dependent RNA replication and transcription has been complemented in the past year by progress in elucidating the roles of virus-encoded replication factors 1a and 2a. Recent studies suggest that the helicase-like 1a and polymerase-like 2a proteins may participate in a well organized replication complex in which polymerase, helicase, and possibly capping functions operate in a highly coordinated manner.