Renovascular disease is a complex disorder, most commonly caused by fibromuscular dysplasia and atherosclerotic disease. It usually presents in one of three forms: asymptomatic renal artery stenosis, renovascular hypertension, or ischemic nephropathy. This complexity may make diagnostic and management decisions difficult for the primary care physician. In Part I of this review (presented in the May/June 2003 issue of The JCH), the authors discussed when to consider and how to go about making a diagnosis of renovascular disease. In Part II, the authors review the management of this complex condition. There is a debate concerning the optimal treatment of patients with renovascular disease. Management options include medical, surgical, or percutaneous approaches (angioplasty and stenting). Generally in patients with fibromuscular disease, the results of surgery and percutaneous approaches appear superior. In patients with atherosclerotic disease, the data are less consistent, and there does appear to be a group of patients who will respond well to medical management. A potential management algorithm is presented.