The aims of our study were to evaluate (1) the prevalence of natural rubber latex (NRL) allergy in an unselected population of atopic children; (2) the diagnostic efficacy of skin prick tests (SPTs) with latex extracts; (3) the correlation between positive SPTs to latex and risk factors such as atopy, fruit allergy, history of surgery cares or dental cares. We randomly enrolled 151 unselected atopic and 59 nonatopic children who underwent SPTs with common inhalant and food allergens, and SPTs with two different latex extracts. A clinical history concerning allergic history, symptoms after contact with latex objects or after ingestion of fruits or vegetables, dental and surgical treatments was obtained. Six of the 151 atopic children were positive to latex SPTs, but only one out of 59 nonatopic children was positive to latex SPTs. Concerning risk factors, 86% of children with SPT positive to latex were atopic, 71.4% had a clinical history of surgery, and none of them had undergone dental or orthodontic treatments. The prevalence of NRL sensitization in our unselected population of atopic children was 3.9%, but the prevalence of NRL allergy was 2.6%. Concerning NRL allergy, the sensitivity and the specificity of SPTs with latex extracts are high (1.00 and 0.98, respectively), as well as negative predicting value (1.00); the positive predictive value is low (0.70). We conclude that atopy, surgical treatments, and sensitization to foods cross-reacting with NRL are important risk factors for NRL sensitization. We have no data concerning dental or orthodontic cares.