The adverse impact of positive-recipient Cytomegalovirus (CMV) serostatus on the outcome of matched-unrelated donor (MUD) grafts has been stressed. We evaluated whether CMV-seropositive MUD recipients transplanted after 1999 still showed inferior outcome compared with CMV-seronegative recipients. Two important changes in transplantation procedure were introduced in 1999: (1) reduction of antithymocyte globulin dose, (2) introduction of sequence-based typing of HLA-DRB1. Thirty-six patients received partial T cell-depleted grafts before 1999, and 44 after 1999. CMV-seropositive patients transplanted before 1999 showed a highly significant inferior outcome compared with seronegative recipients. In contrast, no difference in outcome was observed between the two groups of patients transplanted after 1999.