Adult respiratory distress syndrome and renal failure associated with citalopram overdose

Hum Exp Toxicol. 2003 Feb;22(2):103-5. doi: 10.1191/0960327103ht327cr.

Abstract

A 45-year-old man ingested 3000 mg of citalopram hydrobromide (2400 mg citalopram). He presented to the Emergency Department 2 hours post-ingestion with a pulse of 100 beats/min and blood pressure of 120/80 mmHg. His electrocardiogram (ECG) was normal. Chest X-ray showed bilateral shadowing, with no evidence of aspiration of gastric contents. Shortly after, he had three tonic-clonic seizures, requiring intravenous diazepam. Eight hours post-ingestion he became oliguric with deteriorating renal function, despite normal arterial and central venous pressures. He became increasingly hypoxic, with chest X-ray changes compatible with adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Despite treatment with 100% oxygen and continuous positive airway pressure, his gas exchange continued to deteriorate, requiring intubation and ventilation. His renal function also deteriorated with a peak creatinine of 492 micromol/L on day 4 in the absence of rhabdomyolysis. There was complete spontaneous recovery of renal function after 2 weeks. A peak plasma total citalopram (R+S enantiomers) concentration of 1.92 mg/L was recorded 2 hours post-ingestion. Total norcitalopram concentrations continued to rise up to 24 hours post-ingestion. Citalopram has been associated with seizures, ECG abnormalities, rhabdomyolysis and coma after overdose. The renal and respiratory complications seen in this patient have not been reported previously.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Citalopram / blood
  • Citalopram / poisoning*
  • Drug Overdose
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Poisoning / etiology*
  • Poisoning / physiopathology
  • Poisoning / therapy
  • Renal Insufficiency / etiology
  • Renal Insufficiency / physiopathology
  • Respiratory Distress Syndrome / chemically induced*
  • Respiratory Distress Syndrome / pathology
  • Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / blood
  • Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / poisoning*
  • Suicide, Attempted*
  • Treatment Outcome

Substances

  • Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors
  • Citalopram