Essential hypertension is a complex trait under polygenic control. Evidences suggests immune system involvement during pathogenesis. CC-chemokine receptor (CCR)5 and CCR2 are characterised by gene polymorphism. Variant alleles are derived from a deletion in the CCR5 gene (CCR5delta32) and a substitution mutation at the CCR2 locus (CCR264I). CCR polymorphic forms have been studied extensively as invasion cofactors for HIV-1, but they have also been implicated in immuno-related disorders. Here, we evaluate the allelic distribution of CCR5 and CCR2 genes in essential hypertension in a case-control study. Genotype frequency in a group of essential hypertensive patients (stage I-II; n=120) and a group of unrelated, healthy Caucasian subjects (n=340) is compared. CCR gene polymorphism is analysed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme digestion. A statistically significant difference was observed for CCR5 and CCR2 mutant alleles in essential hypertensive patients, compared with the controls (P=0.004 and P=0.003, respectively). CCR5delta32 and CCR264I alleles showed a 0.096 and 0.10 frequency among cases. To date, a role for the immune system in hypertension has not been clarified, nor has the predictive value of CCR polymorphisms.