Physiological and psychological approaches to chemosensory effects of solvents

Toxicol Lett. 2003 Apr 11:140-141:261-71. doi: 10.1016/s0378-4274(03)00022-5.

Abstract

Workplace related standard settings for solvents are based in a remarkable extent on information about sensory irritations. However, data from controlled human exposure studies are seldom available. Therefore, the aim of this study was to present the association of self-reported symptoms and physiological processes leading to sensory irritations. Three series of laboratory experiments each with 24 young male subjects were performed. Ethyl benzene (EB), 2-butanone (methyl ethyl ketone or MEK), isopropyl alcohol (IPA), 1-octanol (OCT), and 2-ethylhexanol (EHEX) were investigated in low and high concentrations. Ratings for sensory irritations (eyes and nose), olfactory symptoms, and annoyance were assessed repeatedly before, during and after the 4-h-exposures. The anterior active rhinomanometry (AAR) was employed measuring the nasal flow. The nasal lavage was used for the analysis of the neuropeptide substance P as indicator of nasal chemosensory irritations. Goodness-of-fit was calculated for non-linear regression analyses by fitting the sine function on the data of the ratings given during the 4-h-exposure. In general, ratings for annoyance and odor symptoms were fitted on a higher level than those for sensory irritations. However, a high fit could be shown for nasal irritations due to EHEX. In these experiments, a significant reduction of the nasal flow and a significant increase of substance P could be proved.

Publication types

  • Clinical Trial
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Administration, Inhalation
  • Adult
  • Atmosphere Exposure Chambers
  • Cross-Over Studies
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Odorants
  • Olfaction Disorders / chemically induced*
  • Olfaction Disorders / physiopathology
  • Olfaction Disorders / psychology
  • Rhinomanometry
  • Solvents / administration & dosage
  • Solvents / adverse effects*

Substances

  • Solvents