116 spontaneous abortion tissues were detected for human parvovirus B19 (HPV B19) DNA by nested polymerase chain reaction. Of the abortion tissues detected, 66 were paraffin embedded and 50 were fresh abortion tissues, At the same time, 25 abortion tissues from healthy artificial abortion women were collected as control. The results showed that 27.3% (34/116) of 116 spontaneous abortion tissues were positive for HPV B19 DNA, and only 4% (1/25) were positive in the control group, the discrepancy was significant chi 2 = 5.769(P < 0.05). It suggests that there is a relationship between spontaneous abortion and HPV B19 infection. HPV B19 infection may be an important factor in spontaneous abortion.