An early C-22 oxidation branch in the brassinosteroid biosynthetic pathway

Plant Physiol. 2002 Oct;130(2):930-9. doi: 10.1104/pp.008722.

Abstract

The natural occurrence of 22-hydroxylated steroids in cultured Catharanthus roseus cells and in Arabidopsis seedlings was investigated. Using full-scan gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, (22S)-22-hydroxycampesterol (22-OHCR), (22S,24R)-22-hydroxyergost-4-en-3-one (22-OH-4-en-3-one), (22S,24R)-22-hydroxy-5alpha-ergostan-3-one (22-OH-3-one), 6-deoxocathasterone (6-deoxoCT), 3-epi-6-deoxoCT, 28-nor-22-OHCR, 28-nor-22-OH-4-en-3-one, 28-nor-22-OH-3-one, 28-nor-6-deoxoCT, and 3-epi-28-nor-6-deoxoCT were identified. Metabolic experiments with deuterium-labeled 22-OHCR were performed in cultured C. roseus cells and Arabidopsis seedlings (wild type and det2), and the metabolites were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In both C. roseus cells and wild-type Arabidopsis seedlings, [(2)H(6)]22-OH-4-en-3-one, [(2)H(6)]22-OH-3-one, [(2)H(6)]6-deoxoCT, and [(2)H(6)]3-epi-6-deoxoCT were identified as metabolites of [(2)H(6)]22-OHCR, whereas the major metabolite in det2 seedlings was [(2)H(6)]22-OH-4-en-3-one. Analysis of endogenous levels of these brassinosteroids revealed that det2 accumulates 22-OH-4-en-3-one. The levels of downstream compounds were remarkably reduced compared with the wild type. Exogenously applied 22-OH-3-one and 6-deoxoCT were found to rescue det2 mutant phenotypes, whereas 22-OHCR and 22-OH-4-en-3-one did not. These results substantiate the existence of a new subpathway (22-OHCR --> 22-OH-4-en-3-one --> 22-OH-3-one --> 6-deoxoCT) and reveal that the det2 mutant is defective in the conversion of 22-OH-4-en-3-one to 22-OH-3-one, which leads to brassinolide biosynthesis.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study

MeSH terms

  • Arabidopsis / drug effects
  • Arabidopsis / genetics
  • Arabidopsis / growth & development
  • Arabidopsis Proteins
  • Brassinosteroids
  • Catharanthus / cytology
  • Catharanthus / drug effects
  • Catharanthus / metabolism
  • Cells, Cultured
  • Cholestanols / chemistry
  • Cholestanols / metabolism*
  • Deuterium
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  • Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
  • Hypocotyl / drug effects
  • Hypocotyl / growth & development
  • Hypocotyl / metabolism
  • Molecular Structure
  • Mutation
  • Oxidation-Reduction
  • Phytosterols / chemistry
  • Phytosterols / metabolism*
  • Phytosterols / pharmacology
  • Plant Shoots / drug effects
  • Plant Shoots / growth & development
  • Plant Shoots / metabolism
  • Serine Endopeptidases
  • Steroids, Heterocyclic / chemistry
  • Steroids, Heterocyclic / metabolism*

Substances

  • Arabidopsis Proteins
  • Brassinosteroids
  • Cholestanols
  • Phytosterols
  • Steroids, Heterocyclic
  • Deuterium
  • Serine Endopeptidases
  • brassinolide