Three-dimensional crystalline ion beams

Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2002 Sep;66(3 Pt 2B):036501. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.66.036501. Epub 2002 Sep 10.

Abstract

We report on the experimental realization of two- and three-dimensional crystalline ion beams in the rf quadrupole storage ring PALLAS (LMU, Munich). At a beam energy around 1 eV the phase transition to the Coulomb ordered state is identified by a sudden decrease of the spatial width and of the velocity spread of the beam. The focusing conditions required to attain crystalline beams up to structures of helices surrounding a string are systematically investigated and related to the situation in typical heavy ion storage rings.