1. The influence of feed grinding (coarsely or finely ground feed) and feed form (mash or pellets) on the intestinal environment was investigated in a growth experiment with broiler chickens taking the intestinal microflora, intestinal viscosity, and the activities of pancreatic digestive enzymes into consideration. 2. As compared to mash the feeding of pellets was associated with a significantly higher body weight due to increased feed intake and improved feed utilisation. 3. Pellet-fed birds had significantly decreased gizzard weights, a higher gizzard pH and a lower intestinal pH than mash-fed birds. 4. Pellet-fed birds had significantly lower relative pancreas weights and lower activities of pancreatic digestive enzymes (amylase, lipase, chymotrypsin), which indicates the existence of a feedback mechanism, which may have been triggered by the intestinal concentration of enzymatically hydrolysed products or of the respective digestive enzymes. 5. Pellet-fed birds had larger numbers of coliform bacteria and enterococci in the ileum and a reduced number of Clostridium perfringens and lactobacilli in the distal end of the digestive tract (caeca and rectum). Microbial fermentation in terms of volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration was found to be significantly higher in the caeca of pellet-fed birds than in mash-fed birds.