Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a series of beta-lactam-based prodrugs

Bioorg Med Chem. 2002 Nov;10(11):3489-98. doi: 10.1016/s0968-0896(02)00256-0.

Abstract

By use of pro-dual-drug concept the synthesis of 6-beta-[(R)-2-(clavaminio-9-N-yl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenylacetamido)]penicillanic acid (10), 6-beta-[(R)-2-(amino)-2-(4-(clavulano-9-O-yl)phenylacetamido)]penicillanic acid (13), (Z)-4-[2-(amoxycillin-4-O-yl)ethylidene]-2-(clavulano-9-O-yl)-3-methoxy-Delta(alpha,beta)-butenolide (19), and 3-[(amoxicillin-4-O-yl)methyl]-7-(phenoxyacetamido)-(1-oxo)-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (23) was accomplished. Unlike penicillin G, ampicillin, or amoxicillin, these four heretofore undescribed compounds 10, 13, 19, and 23 showed notable activity against beta-lactamase (betaL) producing microorganisms, Staphylococcus aureus A9606, S. aureus A15091, S. aureus A20309, S. aureus 95, Escherichia coli A9675, E. coli A21223, E. coli 27C7, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 18S-H, and Klebsiella pneumoniae A20634 TEM. In comparison with amoxicillin (9), alpha-amino-substituted compound 10 and butenolide derivative 19 showed a broadened spectrum of antibacterial activity; yet they were found to be less active than 13 and 23. Like clavulanic acid (7) or cephalosporin-1-oxide (21), the newly synthesized compounds 10, 13, 15, 16, 19, or 23 functioned as potent inhibitors of various bacterial betaLs.

MeSH terms

  • Amoxicillin / analogs & derivatives
  • Amoxicillin / chemical synthesis
  • Amoxicillin / pharmacology
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / chemical synthesis*
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / chemistry
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology*
  • Bacteria / drug effects*
  • Buffers
  • Chemical Phenomena
  • Chemistry, Physical
  • Clavulanic Acid / chemical synthesis
  • Clavulanic Acid / pharmacology
  • Drug Design
  • Enzyme Inhibitors / pharmacology
  • Hydrolysis
  • Lipids / chemistry
  • Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
  • Microbial Sensitivity Tests
  • Prodrugs / chemical synthesis*
  • Prodrugs / pharmacology*
  • Solubility
  • Structure-Activity Relationship
  • beta-Lactamase Inhibitors

Substances

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Buffers
  • Enzyme Inhibitors
  • Lipids
  • Prodrugs
  • beta-Lactamase Inhibitors
  • Clavulanic Acid
  • Amoxicillin