Tourettism and dystonia after subcortical stroke

Mov Disord. 2002 Jul;17(4):821-5. doi: 10.1002/mds.10207.

Abstract

The term "tourettism" has been used to describe Tourette syndrome (TS)-like symptoms secondary to some specific cause. Tics associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), or both, are commonly present in TS, but this constellation of symptoms has been rarely attributed to stroke. We describe two boys who suffered a subcortical stroke and subsequently developed hemidystonia, tics, and behavioral comorbidities. Both had right hemispheric stroke involving the basal ganglia at 8 years of age, and in both the latency from the stroke to the onset of left hemidystonia was 2 weeks. In addition to ADHD and OCD, both exhibited cranial-cervical motor tics but no phonic tics. The temporal relationship between the stroke and subsequent TS-like symptoms, as well as the absence of phonic tics and family history of TS symptoms in our patients, argues in favor of a cause and effect relationship, and the observed association provides evidence for an anatomic substrate for TS and related symptoms.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / diagnosis
  • Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / etiology*
  • Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / physiopathology
  • Basal Ganglia Hemorrhage / complications*
  • Basal Ganglia Hemorrhage / diagnosis
  • Basal Ganglia Hemorrhage / physiopathology
  • Caudate Nucleus / physiopathology
  • Child
  • Dominance, Cerebral / physiology
  • Dystonia / diagnosis
  • Dystonia / etiology*
  • Dystonia / physiopathology
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Humans
  • Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / complications*
  • Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / diagnosis
  • Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / physiopathology
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Male
  • Neurologic Examination
  • Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
  • Putamen / physiopathology
  • Tourette Syndrome / diagnosis
  • Tourette Syndrome / etiology*
  • Tourette Syndrome / physiopathology