Stationary off-equilibrium magnetization in ferrofluids under rotational and elongational Flow

Phys Rev Lett. 2002 Jul 15;89(3):037202. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.037202. Epub 2002 Jun 27.

Abstract

The magnetization of a ferrofluid, which is exposed to a flow, was recently proposed to depend on the symmetric velocity gradients (elongational flow). This is demonstrated by an experimental setup, which allows one to evaluate the transport coefficient associated with the elongational flow contribution.