Cicatricial stenosis and tumors are the main indications for tracheal surgery. From 1963 to January 2001 323 patients were operated for cicatricial stenosis of trachea. In 287 (88.9%) patients tracheal stenosis was iatrogenic after respiratory reanimation. In 191 (59.1%) patients tracheal stenosis located in cervical part of the trachea. In 67 of them it combined with stenosis of subplicalis part of the larynx. Lesion of cervical-upperthoracic trachea was seen in 57 (17.6%) patients, thoracic part--in 69 (21.4%). Total lesion of trachea was diagnosed in 6 (1.9%) patients, in 2 of them tracheal bifurcation and both main bronchi were involved in cicatricial process. Indications for surgery were in 238 (73.7%) patients. 85 (26.3%) patients underwent endoscopic treatment. The main operations were circular resection and staged reconstructive-plastic surgeries. 303 patients were discharged, 20 patients died, hospital lethality was 6.6%. Intra- and postoperative complications were seen in 93 (13.4%) cases. Good and satisfactory long-term results were achieved in 85.1% patients. Unsatisfactory long-term results were associated with postoperative complications.