Restriction polymorphism at the monoamine oxidase A (MAO A) gene was typed in eight male populations of the Volga-Ural region (Bashkirs, Chuvashes, Tatars, Udmurts, Maris, Mordovians, Komis, and Russians inhabiting the Republic of Bashkortostan). Analysis of the MAO A alleles frequency distribution patterns did not reveal statistically significant differences between the Volga-Ural populations examined. The results obtained suggest genetic homogeneity of the populations described in respect of the polymorphic locus examined.