PD use has stabilized somewhat in Canada after five years of relative decline. Fiscal constraints on health care funding in general and fiscal incentives in some provinces to do PD may be contributing to this, and may lead to PD growth in the years ahead. Other factors that may help PD to grow are the proliferation of predialysis clinics with an associated emphasis on the patient's right to make an elective modality choice, new innovations in treatment, ongoing evidence of improving outcomes, and perhaps, more simplicity in prescribing the modality in the post-ADEMEX era.