Inulin, the polydisperse reserve polyfructose from plants such as Cichorium intybus (chicory), has been chemically modified in several ways to obtain industrially important biodegradable compounds. This review provides an insight on the different types of modification (neutral, anionic, and cationic modification as well as cross-linking and slow release applications) and describes its differences from starch and cellulose chemistry. It also highlights the applications of various compounds cited in the literature.