A scheme has been developed for sanitary assessment of the safety of road building materials containing oil slurry waste. It includes 2 units: 1) sanitary and chemical studies and 2) ecological and toxicological ones. The sanitary and chemical unit consists of a preliminary stage, wherein priority waste-specific substances are selected, and two experimental studies air- and water migration ones that evaluate the environmental effects of the substances selected. The ecological and toxicological unit includes microbiological, phytotoxic, hydrobiological, and toxicological studies. This scheme of ecological and sanitary studies of road building composite materials containing oil slurry waste allows their ecological and toxicological safety to be comprehensively evaluated.