The concentrations of organochlorine pesticides and PCBs were determined in surface sediments and freshwater molluscs (Angulyagra sp.) from water canals in the region of Hanoi city. Results obtained show that the concentration of sigma DDT compounds in sediments range from 7 to 80 ng/g (dry weight) and from 6 to 864 ng/g (dry weight) in the soft tissues of molluscs. The concentrations of sigma DDTs were higher in populated sites and much lower in rural sites, indicating that the DDT has been used for mosquito control and not as a crop protection chemical. Hexachlocyclohexanes (HCHs) have also been widely used in the region but the current environmental concentrations are much lower than those of DDT's, which is due to the less persistence of those compounds. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were measured, for example as aroclor 1254, in concentrations up to 40 ng/g (dry weight) and up to 76 ng/g (dry weight) in sediments and molluscs, respectively. Molluscs from water canals are a very popular food in the region. Taking into consideration the high DDT levels measured in these molluscs their consumption is worrisome and may expose the population to high levels of endocrine disrupting substances. Current PCB levels in sediments are lower than usually measured in industrialized countries. Therefore, PCB concentrations in aquatic molluscs are still also relatively low. These snails do not have enzyme ability to metabolize most of the CB congeners and, thus, are passive accumulators and a significant transfer pathway of CBs to consumers. Therefore, measures to phase out the use of these persistent and bioaccumulable chemicals should be adopted in order to prevent further environmental contamination.