beta-Arrestin 1 and 2 differentially regulate heptahelical receptor signaling and trafficking

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Feb 13;98(4):1601-6. doi: 10.1073/pnas.98.4.1601. Epub 2001 Feb 6.

Abstract

The two widely coexpressed isoforms of beta-arrestin (termed beta arrestin 1 and 2) are highly similar in amino acid sequence. The beta-arrestins bind phosphorylated heptahelical receptors to desensitize and target them to clathrin-coated pits for endocytosis. To better define differences in the roles of beta-arrestin 1 and 2, we prepared mouse embryonic fibroblasts from knockout mice that lack one of the beta-arrestins (beta arr1-KO and beta arr2-KO) or both (beta arr1/2-KO), as well as their wild-type (WT) littermate controls. These cells were analyzed for their ability to support desensitization and sequestration of the beta(2)-adrenergic receptor (beta(2)-AR) and the angiotensin II type 1A receptor (AT(1A)-R). Both beta arr1-KO and beta arr2-KO cells showed similar impairment in agonist-stimulated beta(2)-AR and AT(1A)-R desensitization, when compared with their WT control cells, and the beta arr1/2-KO cells were even further impaired. Sequestration of the beta(2)-AR in the beta arr2-KO cells was compromised significantly (87% reduction), whereas in the beta arr1-KO cells it was not. Agonist-stimulated internalization of the AT(1A)-R was only slightly reduced in the beta arr1-KO but was unaffected in the beta arr2-KO cells. In the beta arr1/2-KO cells, the sequestration of both receptors was dramatically reduced. Comparison of the ability of the two beta-arrestins to sequester the beta(2)-AR revealed beta-arrestin 2 to be 100-fold more potent than beta-arrestin 1. Down-regulation of the beta(2)-AR was also prevented in the beta arr1/2-KO cells, whereas no change was observed in the single knockout cells. These findings suggest that sequestration of various heptahelical receptors is regulated differently by the two beta-arrestins, whereas both isoforms are capable of supporting receptor desensitization and down-regulation.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Arrestins / metabolism*
  • Arrestins / physiology
  • Cell Line
  • Cyclic AMP / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Mice
  • Mice, Knockout
  • Phosphatidylinositols / metabolism
  • Protein Isoforms / metabolism
  • Protein Isoforms / physiology
  • Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1
  • Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2 / genetics
  • Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2 / metabolism*
  • Receptors, Angiotensin / genetics
  • Receptors, Angiotensin / metabolism*
  • Signal Transduction / physiology*
  • beta-Arrestin 1
  • beta-Arrestin 2
  • beta-Arrestins

Substances

  • ARRB1 protein, human
  • ARRB2 protein, human
  • Arrb1 protein, mouse
  • Arrb2 protein, mouse
  • Arrestins
  • Phosphatidylinositols
  • Protein Isoforms
  • Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1
  • Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2
  • Receptors, Angiotensin
  • beta-Arrestin 1
  • beta-Arrestin 2
  • beta-Arrestins
  • Cyclic AMP