The evolution of rapid prototyping (RP) technology is briefly discussed, and the application of RP technologies to the medical sector is reviewed. Although the use of RP technology has been slow arriving in the medical arena, the potential of the technique is seen to be widespread. Various uses of the technology within surgical planning, prosthesis development and bioengineering are discussed. Some possible drawbacks are noted in some applications, owing to the poor resolution of CT slice data in comparison with that available on RP machines, but overall, the methods are seen to be beneficial in all areas, with one early report suggesting large improvements in measurement and diagnostic accuracy as a result of using RP models.