Multi-center retrospective evaluation of oral benzocaine exposure in children

Vet Hum Toxicol. 2000 Aug;42(4):228-31.

Abstract

On rare occasions benzocaine has produced methemoglobinemia from oral, rectal and dermal exposures. There is disagreement whether this is an idiosyncratic event or a dose-related event. To gain a better perspective on this problem we retrospectively reviewed cases at 4 large regional poison centers of children <18-y of age from 1993-1996. One hundred and eighty-eight benzocaine exposures were reported. Mean and median ingested dosage were 86.8 (+/- 89.5) mg/kg and 50 mg/kg, respectively. Fifty-eight patients (30%) were managed in the emergency department; 8 patients had methemoglobin levels determined. One child had a methemoglobin level of 19%; all others were <1%. One hundred and seventy-three patients (92%) remained asymptomatic. Other symptoms were minor: oral numbness (8), vomiting (3), and 1 each of oral irritation, dizziness and nausea. In this series of accidental ingestions of benzocaine-containing products cyanosis was rare and apparently not dose related. These cases may be safely managed at home with telephone follow up for at least 2 h. If there is evidence of cyanosis, dusky pallor, shortness of breath, or change in mental status direct medical evaluation should be recommended.

Publication types

  • Multicenter Study

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Anesthetics, Local / poisoning*
  • Benzocaine / poisoning*
  • Child
  • Child Welfare / statistics & numerical data
  • Child, Preschool
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Infant
  • Male
  • Medical Records
  • Methemoglobinemia / chemically induced*
  • Methemoglobinemia / epidemiology*
  • Nonprescription Drugs
  • Poisoning / epidemiology
  • Retrospective Studies
  • United States / epidemiology

Substances

  • Anesthetics, Local
  • Nonprescription Drugs
  • Benzocaine