In the presented review paper we have shown a role of glucose polymers, including icodextrin, in the treatment of uraemia with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis or cyclic continuous peritoneal dialysis. Glucose polymers as a component of peritoneal dialysis solution exert significant ultrafiltration during dialysis solution exchanges lasting 10-16 hpurs. This is especially advantageous in patients with high peritoneal permeability and results in prolongation of peritoneal dialysis treatment by several months. Dialysis solution containing glucose polymers sustains ultrafiltration during peritonitis. In this paper there are also described icodextrin kinetics after intraperitoneal administration, its influence on peritoneal transport and adverse effects observed in some patients using icodextrin solution.