This study assessed the dental health status of children in a rural community in Cameroon. The investigation was carried out in 1996 on a total of 403 pupils aged between 5-17 years. The children were divided into 3 age groups, (I-III): I: 5-8 years (n = 157), II: 9-12 years (n = 191), II: 13-17 years (n = 55). The teeth were examined for dmft/DMFT, CPI, opacities and treatment needs. 22.6 per cent of the pupils were caries free, and the following mean dmft/DMFT-values were obtained: Age group I, dmft: 2.26 + 2.84, DMFT: 0.85 + 1.39. Group II, dmft: 0.60 + 1.35, DMFT: 2.76 + 2.74. Group III, dmft: 0.05 + 0.22; DMFT: 5.12 + 3.04. Opacities or other enamel disorders were observed in 16.9 per cent of the children. 68.7 per cent of them needed invasive dental treatment and 61.3 per cent required restorative treatment only. 7.4 per cent needed extractions and 25.6 per cent required prevention/sealant care as sole measure. 6.6 per cent of the children showed CPI-grade 0. The majority scored CPI-grade 1 (37.7 per cent) and grade 2 (49.9 per cent). The reported data suggest that improved dental health mindedness and availability of oral health care services are required in order to reduce oral health diseases.