During the past eight years, we treated obstructive lymphedema of a unilateral upper extremity in 27 females and of a unilateral or bilateral lower extremity in 35 males and females with supramicrosurgical lymphaticovenular anastomoses and/or conservative treatment. The most common cause of upper limb edema was mastectomy with or without subsequent radiation therapy for breast cancer, and that of lower limb edema was hysterectomy with radiation. As an objective assessment of edema, the circumferences of the affected and opposite normal forearms or lower legs were measured 10 cm below the olecranon of the arm or the lower border of the patella. In patients who received conservative treatment (12 arms and 12 legs), the average excess circumferential length of the affected arm and leg was 6.4 and 7.1 cm over that of normal extremities, average duration of edema before treatment was 3.5 and 5.2 years, average period for conservative treatment was 10.6 months and 1.5 years, and average decreased circumferential length was 0.8 and 0.6 cm, respectively. The rate of circumferential decrease over 4 cm was none in arm and 16.7% in leg edema. In patients who underwent surgery (12 arms and 16 legs), the average excess circumferencial length was 8.9 and 9.8 cm, average duration of edema before surgery was 8.2 and 8.9 years, average follow-up after surgery was 2.2 and 3.3 years, and average decrease in excess circumference was 4.1 and 2.7 cm, respectively. The rate of circumferential decrease over 4 cm was 58.3% in arms and 50% in legs. These results indicate that supramicrolymphaticovenular anastomoses have a valuable place in the treatment of obstructive lymphedema.